UGC NET
SUBJECT : HISTORY CODE : 06
SYLLABUS AND SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Note
There will be two Question paper-II and paper-III (parts-A&B). paper-II will cover 50 objective Type Questions (Multiple choice, Matching type, True/ False, Assertion Reasoning type) carrying 100 marks, paper-III will have two parts- A and B; paper-III (A) will have 10 short Essay Type Questions (300 words) carrying 16 marks. In there will be one question with internal choice from each unit (i.e. 10 questions from 10 units: Total marks will be 160). Paper-III (B) will be compulsory and will be one question from each of the Electives. The candidate will attempt only one question (one elective only in 800 word ) carrying 40 marks. Total marks of paper - III will be 200.
PAPER-II
1. CONCEPTS, IDEAS AND TERMS
Bharatarsha -> Kara/ Vishti
Sabha and Samiti -> Stridhana
Varnasrama -> Memoral stones
Purusharthas -> Agraharas
Rina -> Khilafat
Samskaras -> Sulah-i-kul
Yajna -> Maharaashra-dharma
Doctrine of Karma ->Turkan-i-Chahighani
Dandaniti/ Arthassastra -> Watan
Saptanga -> Baluta
Dharmavijaya -> Iqta
Stupa / Chaitya -> Jizyah
Nagara / Dravida / Vesara->Madad-I-maash
Bodhisativa / Tirthankara -> Amaram
Alvars / Nayanars ->Raya-Rekho
Sreni -> Jangama
Chauth -> Dyarehy
Hundi (Bills of Exchange)->Federalism
Sarraf -> Utilitarianism
Polygars -> Filtration Theory
Jagir ->Forward policy
Dastur->Doctrine of Lapse
Mansab (Rank)-> Satyagraha
Deshmukh ->Swadeshi
Nadu -> Revivalism
pargana -> Communalism
Bengal Vaishnavism ->Orientalism
Alt magha->De-industrialisation
Shahna-i-Mandi ->Subsidiary Alliance
Mercantilism -> Evangelicaslism
Economic Nationalism -> Bhudan.
Indian Renaissance -> Panchsheel
Economic Drain -> Mixed Economy
Colonialism -> Indian Left
Paramountcy -> Hindu Code Bill
2.ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY
Sources
Archaeological Sources
Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments
Literary Sources
Indigenous : primary and Secondary-problems of dating, myths, legends, poetry, scientific literature, literature in regional languages, religious literature.
Foreign accounts : Greek, Chinese and writers.
Pre-history and proto-history
Man and Environment-geographical factors. Hunting and gathering (Paleoltihic and Mesolithic) : Beginning of agriculture (Neolithic and Chalcolithic).
Indus Valley Civilization-origin, extent, characteristics, decline, survival and significance.
Iron age: second urbanization.
Vedic Period
Migration and settlement : dating the Vedic, literary and archacological evidences, evolution of social and political institutions ; religious and philosophical ideas, rituals and practices.
Period of Mahajanapadas
Formation of States (Mahajanpadas); Republics and Monarchies; rise of urban centres; trade routes economic growth: introduction of coinage; spread of Jainism and Buddhism; rise of Magadha and Nandas.
Iranian and Macedonian Invasions and their impact.
Mauryan Empire
Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts,
Administration; economy: architecture and sculpture; external contacts.
Disintegration of the empire; Sungas and Kanvas.
Post-Mauryan period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas)
Contact with outside word; growth centres, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art and architecture, literature and science.
Early state and society-in Eastern India Deccan and South India
KharaveIa, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sangam Age, Administration; economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres. Buddhist centres, Sangam literature and culture: art and architecture.
Imperial Guptas and Regional states of India
Guptas and Vakatakas, Harsha, Administration, economic conditions, coinage of the Guptas, land grants. Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, caste system, position of women, education and educational institutions-Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, contact with neighbouring countries-Central Asia, South-East Asia and China, Sanskrit literature, scientific literature, art and architecture.
The Kadambas, Gangas, pallavas Chalukyas of Badami- Administration, trade guilds, Sanskrit literature and growth of regional languages and scripts: growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakti Movement, Shankracharya-vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple architecture.
Varmanas of Kamrup ; palas and Senas, Rashtrakutas, pratiharas, kalachuri-Chedis; paramaras ; Chalukyas Gujarat ; Arab contacts- Ghaznavl Conquest, Alberunt.
The Chalukyas of kalyana, Cholas, Cheras, Hoysalas, pandyas- Adminstration and local Government , growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of temple and Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society, contact with Sri Lanka and South-East Asia.
3. MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY
Sources
Archaeological, epigraphic and numismatic and monuments, Chronicles.
Literary sources - Persian, Sanskrit and Regional languages.
Archival materials.
Foreign traveller's accounts.
Political Developments
The Sultanate - the Ghorids, the Turks, the KhaIjis, the Tughlaqs, the Sayyids and the Lodis.
Foundation of the Mughal Empire - Babur, Humayum and the Suris ; expansion from Akbar to Aurangzeb.
Decline of the Mughal empire - politilal, administrative and economic causes.
Later Mughals and disintegration of the Mughal empire.
The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis - rise, expansion and disintegration. The Maratha movement, the foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji; its decline.
Administration
Administration under the Sultanate - civil, judicial, revenue, fiscal and military.
Sher Shah's administrative reform ; Mughal administration - land revenue and other sources of income ; Mansabdari Jagirdari.
Administrative system in the Deccan - the Vijayanagra, the Bahmanis and the Marathas.
Economic Aspects
Agricultural production - village economy; peasantry.
Urban centres and population.
Industries - cotton textiles, handicrafts, agro-based industries, organisation, factories, technology,
Trade and commerce - State policies, internal and external trade; European trade centres and ports, transport and communication. Financing trade, commerce and industries; Hundi (Bills of Exchange) and Insurance.
Currency,
Socio-religious Movements
The Sufis -their orders, beliefs and practices, the leading Sufi saints. Bhakti cult - Shaivism and its branches; Vaishnavism and its branches.
The Saints of the medieval period - north and south - their impact on socio-political and religious life.
The Sikh movement -Gurn Nanak Dev teachings and practices, Adi Granth; the Khalsa.
Society
Classification -ruling class, major religious groups, the mercantile and professional classes.
Rural society-petty chieftains. village officials, cultivators and non cultivationg classes, artisans.
position of women
Culture Life
System of Educational and motivations.
Literature - Persian, Sanskrit, and Regional languages.
Fine Aris - Major schools of painting ; music.
Architectural developments of North and India; Indo- Islamic architecture.
MODERN INDIAN HISTORY
Source and Historiography
Archival materials, biographies and memories, newspapers.
oral evidence, creative literature and painting.
Concerns in Modern Indian Historiography - Imperialist, Nationalist. Marxist and Subaltern,
Rise of British power
European traders in India in the 17th and 18th centuries - Portuguese, Dutch, French and the British,
The establishment and expansion of British dominion in India.
British relations with and subjugation of the principal Indian powers - Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas and the Sikhs.
Administration of the Company and Crown
Evolution of central and provincial structure the East India Company, 17773- 1853.
paramountcy, Civil Service, Judiciary, police and the Army under the Company and Crown.
Local Self- Government
Constitutional changes, 1909 - 1935,
Economic History
Changing composition, volume and direction of trade; The Tribute'. Expansion and commercialization of agriculture, land rights, land settlements.
rural indebtedness, landless labour.
Decline of industries - changing socio-economic conditions of artisans; De-urbanisation.
British Industrial policy; modern Industries; nature of factory legislation; labour and trade union movements.
Monetary policy, banking, currency and exchange, Railway and Road Transport.
Growth of new urban centres; new features of town planning and architecture.
Famines, and epidemics and government policy.
Economic Thought - English utilitarian; Indian economic historians; the Drain theory.
Indian Society in Transition
Contact With Christianity - the Mission; critique of Indian social and economic practices and religious; educational and other activities.
The New Education - Government policy; levels and contents; English language; modern science; Indian Initiatives in education.
Raja Rammohan Roy; socio-religious reforms; emergence of middle class; caste associations and caste mobility.
Women's Question - Nationalist Discourse ; Women's Organizations; British legislation concerning women; Constitutional position.
The printing press- journalistic activity and public opinion.
Modernisation of Indian languages and literary forms - reorientation in painting, music and performing arts.
National Movement
Rise of Indian nationalism, social and economic bases of bases of nationalism. Revolt of 1857 and different social classes.
Tribal and peasant movements.
Ideologies and programmes of the Indian National Congress, 1885-1920. Trends in Swadeshi movement.
Indeologies and programmes of Indian revolutionaries in India and abroad. Gandhian Mass Movements.
ldeology and programme of the Justice party.
Left Wing politics.
Movement of the Depressed classes.
Communal politics and genesis of pakistan.
Towards Independence and partition.
India after Independence (1947 - 1964)
Rehabilitation after partition.
Integration of the Indian States; the Kashmir Question.
The making of the Indian Constitution.
The structure of Bureaucracy and the policy.
The demographic trends.
Economic policies and the planning process,
Linguistic reorganization of States,
Foreign policy initiative.
World History : Concepts, Ideas and Terms
Per-history -Humanism
Burial practices - Enlightened Despotism
Mother-Goddess - Divine Right
Law codes- Supermacy of Church
Athenian Democracy- Holy Roman Empire
Imperial Rome - Social Contract and General Will
Slavery - Nation States
Aristocracy - Renaissance
Confuctanism - Reformation
Manorial system - Darwinism
Black Death - Great Depression (1929)
Feudalism - Feminism
Non - alignment
Parliamentary Democracy
Nazism
Commonwealth
Imperialism
Socialism
Balance of Power
Apartheid
Rights of Man
Cold War
Post-modernism
Research in History
Scope and value of History
Objectivity and Bias in History
History and its auxiliary sciences
Area of research - proposed
Sources - Primary / secondary in the proposed area of research Modern Historical Writing in the researcher's area of research
PAPER - III (A)(CORE GROUP)
UNIT - I
From Indus Valley Civilization to the Mahajanapadas
Age, extent and characteristics of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Vedic culture - Early and Late - Geography: Social and Political institutions, Economic conditions, Religious and Philosophical ideas,
Mahajanapadas. Republics, Economic growth - Emergence of Jainism and Buddhism - Rise of Magadha - Macedonian invasion and its effects.
Unite - II
History of India from 4th Century BC to Century AD
Foundation of the Mauryan Empire - Chandragupta, Asoka and his Dhamma, Mauryan administration, Economy, Art and Architecture, Disintegration of the Mauryan empire.
Sangam Age
Sungas, Satvahanas and kushanas: Administration, religion, society, economy, trade and commerce, culture - Art and architecture, literature.
Unit - III
India from the 4th century AD to 12th century AD
Gupta - Vakataka Age - Harsha-pallavas - Early Chalukyas - Rashtrakutas-Chlas-pratharas-palas- A brief survey of the history of the Paramaras, Kalachuris, Gahadavalas and Chauhans- Administration,
Feudalism, Society, position of Women, Educational centres, Economy Religious trends, styles of temple architecture, art] Literature, An outline of scientific and technological developments.
India's contacts with the outside world.
Unit - IV
India from 1206 to 1526
Expansion and Consolidation - The Ghorids. Turks. The Turks. The Khaijis, The Tughlaqs, The Sayyids and Lodis.
Vijayanagar and Bahamani Kingdoms.
State and Religion - Concept of Sovereignty, Religious movements and Sufism.
Economic Aspect - Urban Centres, Industries, Trade and Commerce, Land Revenue and prices.
Mongol problem and its impact.
Administrative structure.
Art, Architecture and Literature.
Sources - Archaeological, persian and non-Persian literature, Foreign traveller's account,
Unit - V
India From 1526 onward
Sources of Mughal period.
Mughal Expansion and consolidation - Babur's establishment of Mughal rule in India; Humanyun and: Akbar, Jahangir, Shajahan and Aurangzeb.
Mughal relations with nobility and the Rajputs.
Jahangir - the period of stability and expansion 16-1621; the period of crises 1622-1627 - The Nurjahan Junta.
Decline of Mughal Empire: Political, administrative and economic causes, The Maratha Movement, the foundation of Swarajya by Shivaji - its expansion and administration, Maratha Confederacy and causes of decline.
Administration; Sher Shah's administrative reforms, Mughal administration, land revenue and sources of income, Mansabdari and Jagirdari,
Unit - VI
Socioeconomic and cultural under the Mughals
Village society and economy
Art architecture and literature Tar de and Commerce
Religious prodigious policy from Akbar to Aurangeb
Urban centres and Industries
Currency
Position of women
Unit - VII
Foundation of British Rule
Rise of European Powers - Expansion and Consolidation of the British rule.
British relation with major Indian Powers- Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas and Sikhs.
Administration under the East India Company and Crown. Paramountcy, Civil Service, Judiciary, Police and Army,
Local Self-Government, Constitutional Development from 1909 to 1935.
Unit- VIII
Economic and Social Policies
Agrarian policy of the British, Land Revenue, Agriculture and Land Rights, Famine Policy, Rural indebtedness.
policy towards trade and industries, Condition of Labour, Trade Union Movenments, Factory Legislation, Banking. Transport, Drain Theory,
Indian Society in transition, Christian missions, Socio-religious reform movements, Status of women.
New educational policy, English language, Modern sciences, Journalism, Indian languages and literature.
Unit - IX
National Movement and Independent India
Rise of nationalism, Revolt of 1857. Tribal and peasant Movements, Ideologies and programmes of Indian National Congress, Swadeshi Movement, Indian Revolutionary Movement in India and abroad.
Gandhian Mass Movements, Ideologies and programmes of the Justice party; Left wing politics, Movements of the depressed classes, Genesis of Pakistan, India towards Independence, and partition.
India after Independence, Rehabilitation after partition, Integration of Indian states, the kashmir Question.
Making of the Indian constitution, Structure of Bureaucracy and the police, Economic Policies and the planning process, Linguistic reorganization of the States, foreign policy initiatives.
Unit - X (A)
World History - Concepts and Terms
Renaissance, Reformation
Enlightenment, Rights of Man
Apartheid
Imperialism
Socialism
Nazism
Parliamentary Democracy
Commonwealth
Efforts at World peace, Cold War
Post-modernism
Unit - X (B)
Research in History
Scope and Importance of History
Objectivity and Bias in History
Causation in History
History and its auxiliary sciences Significance of Regional History
Recent trends of Indian History
Research Methodology
Area of proposed Research
Sources - primary / secondary in the proposed area of Research.
PAPER-III (B)(ELECTIVE / OPTIONAL)
Elective- I: Ancient Indian History
Stone-Age Cultures of India
Origin, date, extent and characteristics of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Evolution of social and political institutions in the Vedic period
Economic and religious developments in 6th century BC
sources of Mauryan history- Megasthenes, Kautilya, Asokan edicts and Simhalese chroricles
Economy and trade during 2nd century BC-3rd century AD- Schools of art-Development of Stupa and Chaitya architecture
Assessment of the Gupta Age
Ancient Indian Republics- History of Local Self-Government in India Indian feudalism
Indian contacts with the outside word in the ancient period
Contribution of Sankara and Ramanuja to religion and philosophy
Elective- II: Medieval Indian History
Sources on Medieval Indian History
North-west Frontier and Deccan policy of the Mughals
Society and Economy during Medieval period
Religion, Art, Architecture and Literature during Medieval period
Urban Economy, Trade and Commerce during Medieval period
Legacy of the Mughals
18th Century Debate
Significance of Regional History
Elective- III: Modern Indian History
The Establishment and Expansion of the British Domination in India
Constitutional Development from 1858 to 1935
The British Agrarian policies
The Relief Measures adopter by the British
Education and Social Reforms under the British
Socio-Religious Reform Movements in the 9th Century
Rise of Nationalism and the Indian National Congress
The Gandhian Era
Towards Independence and partition
The Making of the Indian Constitution and its working
SAMPLE QUESTIONS PAPER-II
1. Who among the following constructed the Moti Masjid Agra?
(A) Akbar
(B) Jahangir
(C) Shahjahan
(D) Aurangzeb
2. Match List With List II and Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
List - I List - II
(Authors) (Patrons)
(a) Banabhatta 1. Harsha
(b) Hemadri 2. Govinda Chandra
(c) Lakshmidhara 3. Mahadeva
(d) Rajaskhara 4. Mahandrapala
Codes:
(A) a b c d
1 2 3 4
(B) a b c d
2 1 4 3
(C) a b c d
4 2 3 1
(D) a b c d
3 4 1 2
PAPER - III (A)
1. Examine the date of the Harappan Civilization.
OR
Critically evaluate the price control policy of Alauddin Khalji.
PAPER - III (B)
11. Bring out the salient feature of the Mauryan art; do you notice any foreign influence on it?
OR
Discuss the causes of the revolt of 1857. Was it a mass movement?
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UGC NET
SUBJECT : INDIAN CULTURE Code : 50 ---->>>>
Syllabus and sample questions
Note
There will be two question papers, paper-II and paper-III (part-A & B), paper-II will cover 50 Objective Type Questions (Multiple choice, Matching type, True/False, Assertion- Reasoning type) carrying 100 marks, paper-will have two Parts-A and B; paper-III (A) will have 10 units; Total marks will be 160). Paper-III (B) will be compulsory questions from 10 units. Total marks will of the Electives. The candidate will attempt only one question (one elective only in 800 words) carrying 40 marks. Total marks of Paper-III will be 200.
PAPER-II
1. Sources
Archaeology
Literature
Foreign Accounts
2. Early Human Settlements in India
Pre and Proto-historic cultures, Rise of India's main language families-Indo-Aryans. Dravidians and others,
Indus Civilization-general characteristics.
Vedic culture-Veda and Vedangas, political institutions, social and economic conditions, religious practices and ideas.
3.Age of Religious Movements and Mauryan Empire
Religious, social and economic conditions.
Political institutions, Mauryan culture, polity, economy, and art architecture, Asoka-his edicts and Dhamma Sangam Age : society, economy.
4. Sunga, Satavahana and Kushan Era
New trends in art, literature and religion, Stupa, rock-cut architecture, sculpture, seconomy.
Coinage, growth of urban centres, routes, trade and commerce, social life and thought; Literature, Dharmashastra, Natyashastra, Kamasutra, Ayurveda, Panchatantra; Religious Systems and Sects-Hindu, Buddhist and Jain.
5. Age of Guptas, Vakatakas and Pallavas
Literature, education and sciences, religion, society, polity, economy, architecture, sculpture and painting; Cultural contacts with outside world.
6. Early Medieval Period
Legacies of classical ideas and patterns and development of new trends in Indian society and thought; Temple styles-Nagara. Vesara and Dravida; Vedanta-Sankara Ramanuja; Bhakti, Pauranic religion, Tantra, literature, society, polity. Feudalism. Efforescene of Indian cultural contacts; Isam in India; Alberuni on India.
7. Sultanate Period
Indo-Islamic architecture, regional styles, religious and philosophic developments; Islamic influence on Indian society and culture; Muslim interest in Indian classics; Acharya traditions, Bhakti; Sufism in India; Literary developments-Sanskrit, Persian and regional languages: Cultural contributions of Vijayanagara empire.
8. Mughal India
Social conditions; Akbar and his policies, Persian' literature. Abul Fazl, Dara Shuikoh, growth of Vaishnava Bhakit, Sikhism; Mughal architecture and painting; Regional styles of painting; Classical Indian Music Including pre-Mughal antecedents; Development of Hindi and Urdu literature; Sawai jai Singh's astronomical contributions. Arrival and spread of Christianity, European studies of India-William Jones and Fort William College. Asiatic Society; Influence of Christian Missionaries.
9. Impact of Western Ideas and Indian Responses
Indian education and press; Bengal Renaissance, Reform movements in Bengal and other regions-women, education and social evils, administrative measures for social reforms (1828-1857). Indian Nationalism-rise, salient features and its cultural expressions with special reference to literature, art and education, Gandhian ideas. Indian culture since Independence, Tradition and modernity, Gandhian ideas. Indian culture since Independence; Tradition and modernity,
10. Indian Culture Studies
Indian Classics Objectivity and Bias; relationship with ancillary disciplines; Modern writings on Indian culture; Heritage of India and world's debt to Indian culture.
PAPER III (A)
Unit-1
Meaning and process of culture; Sources-Archaeology, Literature, Foreign accounts.
Unit-II
Early human settlements in India-pre and proto-historic cultures, Indus Civilization-Origin, extent, date art, architecture, religion, society, economy Vedic culture-Religion, society polity, economy, Changes in the later Vedic period.
Unit-III
Religious movements in the sixth and fifth centuries BC with special reference to Buddhism and Jainism; Social and economic changes; Impact of Persian and Greek invasions: Role of Mauryan empire in Indian cultural unification: Asoka-his edicts and Dhamma; Mauryan art polity and economy; Sangam age-Society and economy.
Unit-IV
Cultural configurations during the Sunga-Satavahana-Kushana cra-New trends in act, literature and religion; Stupa and rock-cut architecture, sculpture Dharmashastra, Natyashastra Kamasutra, Panchatantra, Ayurveda; Religious sects and schools- Hindu, Buddhist and Jain.
Unit-V
Developments during the Gupta-Vakataka-Pallava age-Literature education, science, religion, society, polity, economy, architecture, sculpture, painting, Cultural contacts with outside world.
Unit-VI
Legacies of classical ideas and patterns and development of new trends in Indian society and thought during the early medieval times; Vedanta Sankara, Ramanjua; Bhakti Tantra, Alavars, Nayanars; Temple styles Nagara, Vesara, Dravida; Literature, society, polity feudalism; Efforesence of Indian cultural contacts; Islam in India; Alberuni on India.
Unit-VII
Indo-Islamic architecture during the Sultanate period; regional styles; Religious and philosophical developments-Bhakit and acharya traditions; Sufism in India; Islamic influences on Indian society and culture; Muslim interest in Indian classics; Literary developments, Sanskrit, Persian and regional languages; Cultural contributions of Vijayanagara empire.
Unit-VIII
New cultural trends in Mughal India; Religious liberalism-Akbar, Abul Fazl, Dara Shikoh; Growth of Vaishnava Bhakit; Foundation of Sikhism to the institution of Khalsa; Mughal architecture ;and painting, regional styles; Classical Indian music including Pre-Mughal antecedents Development of Hindi and Urdu literature; Sawai Jai Singh;s astronomical contributions; Arrival and spread of Christianity; European studies of India-William Jones and Fort William College, Asiatic Society of Bengal, influence of Christian Missionaries.
Unit-IX
Influx of Western ideas and Indian response; English education and press; Bengal renaissance; Reform movements in Bengal and other regions, Administrative Measures for Social Reforms (1828-1857), Indian reformers-Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Keshav Chandra Sen, Mahagovinda Ranade, Jyotiba Phule, Dayanand Saraswati, Vivekananda, Syed Ahmad Khan: Indian nationalism-Rise, salient features and its cultural expressions in literature, art and education, Gandhian Ideas-tradition and modernity.
Unit-X
Indian Classics, Indian culture studies, Objectivity and Bias; Relationship with ancillary disciplines; Scope of research: Primary and Secondary sources; Heritage of India: World's debt to Indian culture.
PAPER-III (B)(ELECTIVE/OPTIONAL)
Elective-I
Vedic Religion-Early and later-mythology, religious practices, ethical and philosophical ideas, evolution of Pauranic Hinduism and Hindu Religious systems Vaishnavism, Saivism with principal sects; Alvar and Nayanar traditions of south India; Bhagvad Gita, Yoga and Vedanta-Sankara and Ramanuja; Buddhism, Jainism, Tantra, Bhakti movement; Religious reform movements Brahma Samaj, Arya Samaj, Ram Krishna Mission.
Elective - II
Indus Valley architecture, town planning and sculpture; Mauryan architecture and sculpture; Origin and evolution of Stupa architecture; Development of rock-cut architecture-cave, chattya, Vihara Temple; Origin and evolution of Hindu temple-Gupta, Chalukya, Pallava, Rashtrakuta, Khajuraho, Orissan, Chola and later developments in the South India: Sunga-Satavahana sculptures-Bharhut, Bodh Gaya, Sanchi and Amaravati,; Gandhar, Mathura and Sarnanth schools of sculpture; Post Gupta regional styles of sculpture; cave paintings of Ajanta and Bagh: Iconography of Vishnu, Shiva, Kartikeya, Ganesha, Surya Sakti Tirbhankara, Buddha, Bodhisativa Tara.
Elective-III
Social thought and evolution of Indian of Indian society, Varnasrama Dharma; Caste system Asramas, Purushartas Samsakaras, family education, position of women, parda system Sati slavery, untouchabilty Festivals and pastimes: Legal Institutions sources of Hindu Law, Proprietary rights, succession, judicial procedure, attempts at social reforms in medieval and modern times.
Indian polity-nature of state, Kingship, republics, local self-government inter State relations; taxation; Economic life-agriculture, trade, commerce, industries, guilds, urbanization, towns and cities.
Elective-IV
Origin and development of Bhakti, Alvar and Nayanar traditions of South India, Bhakti movement: Islam in India: Sufism Sikhism: Indo-Islamic architecture-Sultanate and Mughal period; Mughal painting and regional styles: Medieval Indian society, nobility, peasantry and slavery; Economic life-agriculture, trade, commerce industries, urbanization, towns and cities.
Elective-V
Indian renaissance; Social-religious reform movements of the 19th and 20th centuries Brahma Samaj, Prathana Samaj, Ramkrishna Misson, Wahabi movement, Dalit Movement; Spread of modern education; Challenges from the west; Nationalism and culture-Bengal literature, Bankim Chandra Chatterji, Ravindra nath Tagore, Qazi Nazrul Islam; Hindi and Urdu-Prem Chand and Iqbal, other regional languages and literature: British impact on Indian economy; Rise of Indian nationalism-Tilak Gandhi, Modern art-painting architecture, dance, music; Indian culture since independence; Tradition and modernity.
PAPER-II SAMPLE QUESTIONS
The Depressed classes Mission Society was founded by
(A) Bhimrao Ambedkar
(B) Jyotiba Phule
(C) Mahatma Gandhi
(D) V.R. Shinde
2. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below;
List-I List-II
(Exponents) (Philosophic systems)
(a) Gautama 1. Sankhya
(b) Kanada 2. Yoga
(c) Kapila 3. Nyaya
(d) Patanjali 4. Valseshika
Codes :
(A) a b c d
1 2 3 4
(B) a b c d
2 3 4 1
(C) a b c d
3 4 1 2
(D) a b c d
4 1 2 3
PAPER-III (A)
Critically evaluate the depiction of Indian society as provided by Megasthenes.
Or
Discuss the rote of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in the reform movement of 19th century.
PAPER-III (B)
11. Discuss the nature of state as conceived by ancient Indian political thinkers,
Or
Trace the evolution of the Indo-Islamic architecture,
UGC NET
SUBJECT : ARCHAEOLOGY Code: 67---->>>>
SYLLABUS AND SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Note
There will be two question papers, Paper-II and paper-III (part-A & B). Paper-II will cover 50 Objective Type Questions (Multiple choices, Matching type, True/False. Assertion-Reasoning type) carrying 100 marks. Paper-III will have two Parts-A and B; Paper-III (A) will have 10 short essay type questions (300 words) carrying 16 marks each In it three will be one question with internal choice from each unit (I, e, 10 question from 10 units: Total marks will be 160) Paper-III (B) will be compulsory and there will be one question from each of the Electives. The candidate will attempt only one question (one elective only in 800 words) carrying 40 marks. Total marks if Paper-III will be 200
PAPER-II and PAPER-III (A)(CORE GROUP)
Unit-I
Definition, aim and scope of archaeology history and growth of archeology, History of Indian Archeology
Relationship of Archeology with social and natural sciences
Retrieval of Archeology data: Techniques if explorations and explorations aims and methods if conservation and preservation if archeological remains Recording and preparation if reports
Unit-II
Chronology and dating : Relative, Stratigraphy, Typology, Absolute, Carbon 14, Potassium Argon, Fission Track, Thermoluminescence, Dendrochronology, Pollen analysis, Varve clay analysis
Others methods: Flourine test, nitrogen and phosphate analysis methods of objective interpretations : Ethno-archeology, Application of new archeological methods in India.
Unit-III
Geological, biological and cultural dimension of man
Quaternary period: Pleistocene and Holocene, Environment and climatic changes
Pleistocene flora and fauna, Main stages of human evolution and important fossil records
Appearance if stone Age, Methods of study if prehistoric remains
Unit-IV
Hunting-Gathering stage: Palaeolithic in Africa, Europe and South-East Asia, Mesolithic in Europe and West Asia: Paleolithic and Mesolithic remains and important sites if India
Unit-V
Pre and early Harappan Village Cultures of North-Western India
Harappan Culture: origin, extant, chronology, factors of urbanization, trade, script, religion, art and craft, factors for the decline
Devaluation of Harappan Culture: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat
Chalcolithic village communities of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharastra
Copper using cultures of Gangetic plains
Unit-VI
Early occurrence of iron: Chrono-cultural features
Main characteristics of the cultures: Painted grey ware, Black slipped ware and Megalithic cultures
Northern Black polished ware culture: Extent, chronology, characteristics traits
Important city sites : Rajghat, Ujjain, Vaisali, Taxila, Mathura, Sravasti, Kaushmbi and Sishupalgarh
Important sites historical period : Sringverapur, Khairadili, Satankota, Chandraketugarh, Nasik, Arikamedu and Adam
Unit-VII
Architecture of structural stupas : North and South India
Rock-cut architecture: Monasteries and shrines
Main styles of temples : Origin and development of temples, Main features and examples of Nagar, Vesara and Dravid styles
Main styles of sculptural art: Mauryan, Sunga, Kushana, Gupta, Satvahana, Chalukya, Pallavaa and Chola periods
Unit-VIII
Origin and antiquity of coinage in India, Techniques of manufacturing coins.
Important coins : Punch-marked coins, Inscribed and uninscribed caste coins: Principal types of Indo-Greek coinage; Saka and Kushan coinage; Principal types of Gupta Gold coinage; Brief account of pre-Islamic Medieval Indian coinage
Unit-IX
Origin and antiquity of writing in India ; Origin of Brahmi and Kharasthi Scripts, Study of some select inscriptions-Ashokan edicts, Besnagar Garuda pillar inscription; Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela, Junagarh inscription of Rudradaman, Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta, Alhole pillar inscription of Pulakesin II and Gwalior inscription of Mihira Bhoja
Unit-X
Proposed area of research; aims and objectives; proposed methodology; primary and secondary sources: review of previous researches in the proposed area. And likely contribution of the proposal
PAPER-III (B) (ELECTIVE/OPTIONAL)
Elective-I
Geo-chronology and Stone Age cultures of India: Sohan Valley; Belan Valley, Son Valley and Kortlayer Valley
Palaeolithic cultures of India: Sohan and Acheulian traditions : Middle Palaeolithic cultures; Upper Palaeolithic cultures; Habitation tendencies of the Palaeolithic period
Patterns of Mesolithic cultures of India: Characteristic features of alluvial plains; horse-shoe lake; sand dune; plateau and rock shelier sites Neolithic cultures of India : Early farming communities of Baluchistan and Kashmir; Vindhya-Belan region. Kaimur Foot hills and Ganga plains, Chota Nagpur plateau and the North-East, and Pastoral communities of Deccan and South
Elective-II
Pre-Harappan cultures of India and Border lands: Salient features
Harappa culture: Origin, geographical distribution and settlement patterns, town planning and architecture, trade-hinterland and overseas, arts and crafts. Material equipment, subsistence pattern, socio-political organization religion and authorship; important excavated sites. Concepts of Sorath and Sindhi Harappans in Gujarat
Decline and survival of Harappa culture : Causes of de-urbanization. Late Harappa cultures of Punjab, Haryana Western Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat
Other copper using cultures : Copper Hoards and Coloured pottery, Ahar, Kayatha, Malwa and Deccan Chalcolithic cultures, cultures of Gangetic Plains
Elective-III
Historical urbanization : Northern Black polished ware culture, extent, chronology, cultural traits
Important city sites : Rajghat, Ujjain, Vaishali, Taxila, Mathura, Sravasti, Kaushambi, Sishupalgarh, Satanikota
Growth of urban settlements during Kushan period : Plan and expansion of settlements and growth of trade centres; Main features of material culture
Excavated remains of Gupta and Early Medieval periods : Nature of settlements and main features of material culture
Elective-IV
Architecture
Structural features if ancient fortified settlements
Origin and evolution of Stupa architecture; Sanchi, Bharhut, Amaravati and Nagarjuna Konda
Development of Rock-cut architecture : Chaiiyas and Viharas.
Origin and evolution of temples; Gupta temples; Chalukyan temples; Pallava rathas and temples; Khajuraho temples; temples of Orissa and Chola temples
Sculpture
Mauryan Capital figures; Early Yaksha Statue; Sunga Sculptures; Kaushana sculptures : Mathura and Gandhara schools; Gupta Sculptures; Sarnath School; Sculptures of Chalukyas; Pallavas; Palas; Chola and Chandellas
Paintings
Rock-cut Cave Paintings of Ajanta and Bagh
Elective-V
Epigraphy
Epigraphy as a source of history, Origin of Indian scripts : Different theories Study of select Epigraphs : Awoken Edicts; Rock Edicts X, XII, XIII; Lumina inscriptions of Anoka; Miner Rock Edict of Beirut, Besmear Gaud Pillar inscription; Hathigumpha inscription of Kharvela; Junagarh inscription of Rudradaman; Swat Relic casket inscription; Sarnath Buddha image inscription of the time of Kanishka I. Lucknow Museum Jain image inscription of the time of Huvishka (126 AD); Allahabad pillar inscriptions of Mihira Bhoja; Tanjavaur inscription of Rajendra Chola and Sangli plate of Govinda IV (Swarn Varsha)
Numismatics
Origin and antiquity of coinage in ancient India. Metal and techniques used for coins
Main coin types : Punch-marked coins; Inscribed and Uninscribed caste coins; Principal types of Indo-Greek coinage; Coins of Saka. Kushan and Satvahana; Principal types of Gupta Gold coins; Roman coins; and brief account of pre-Islamic Medieval Indian coinage.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS PAPER-II
1. The site of olduvaigarge was excavated by
(A) Clark Howell
(B) J. D. Clark
(C) L. Buiford
(D) L.S.B. Leakey
2. Laply-layuli mines are located at
(A) Sahyadri hills
(B) Badakhan hills
(C) Siwaliks
(D) Satpura
3. The book Pre-history and Proto-history in India and Pakistan is authored by
(A) H. D. Saukalia
(B) B. Allchin
(C) B. K. Thapar
(D) B. Subbarao
PAPER-III (A)
Bring out the characteristics of the early Tirthankara images.
Or
write a critical note on the Chandragupta-Kumaradevi type of Gupta gold coins.
PAPER-III (B)
Trace the development of the Stupa architecture in India.
Or
Reconstruct the history of Pratiharas on the basis of the Gwalior inscription of Mihira Bhoja.
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